Cosa si studia

The course is aimed at familiarizing students with the way in which international law regulates the possibility to resort to armed force in international relations (the s.c. jus ad bellum) We will explore the mechanisms aimed at preventing and regulating conflicts and the role played in this endeavour by relevant International Organizations (both at universal and at regional level). At the end of the course the participants will • have a clear picture of the role of International Organisations involved in peace promotion and conflict management; • Understand the main rules regarding the jus ad bellum and the exceptions to the otherwise absolute prohibition to use armed force; • Understand the interplay between the UN and regional organisations in protecting and promoting international peace and security.

The course aims at developing a critical understanding and an interdisciplinary overview of some security issues in the light of the cybernetical and technological vocabulary. Special attention will be devoted to the ‘human enhancement/human preservation’ constellation. The teaching will provide a nonconformist analysis of one of the most innovative, widespread and operationalised categories according to the UN representatives and to the academics adopting a critical, multi-facetted and people-centered approach to security: the ‘human’ security concept. This overview will rely on both genealogical, epistemological and hermeneutical toolkits. By the end of the course, the knowledge acquired will allow students to: - Critically deconstruct some crucial security issues such as the tension between ‘freedom from fear’ (the core of the Human Security concept); - Be able to analyse and interpret some robotic securitarian technologies; - To take into account the aporias implicit in the principal narratives, the enhancing and securitarian technologies are relying on. Classes will mainly be devoted to tackle and revise from the genealogical point of view the categories, the practices, the technologies which operationalise and embed the conceptual and symbolical constellation set by the taxonomy ‘human enhancement/human preservation’. The depth and breadth of the course is expected to stimulate students to pursue their own intellectual and professional interests and develop their own areas of specialization in the field of security.

The course is aimed at familiarizing students with the way in which international law regulates the conduct of hostilities, and at developing their understanding of how international rules and standards can contribute to fostering security in armed conflict scenarios. The relevant legal framework will be explored to provide an insight in the behavior of States, non-State actors and individuals involved in armed struggle, and engage students in a debate on the appropriateness of existing standards developed to mitigate the use of violence and uphold fundamental rights in situations of armed confrontation. By the end of the course students should: - Have a firm grasp of the main tenets of the law of armed conflict and know how it interacts with germane areas of international law that are relevant in armed conflict scenarios; - Be able to analyse, understand, and explain the main legal issues pertaining to the conduct of hostilities and the protection of individuals involved therein; - Have the capacity to conduct an autonomous legal assessment of specific scenarios, and to suggest solutions to legal problems. Classes will mainly be devoted the rules and principles of International Humanitarian Law (IHL), but specific reference will be made to the modalities according to which Human Rights Law (HRL) influences and shapes the conduct of States, non-State actors and individuals involved in armed conflicts. Students will be taught how to apply the relevant legal principles to concrete cases, also on the basis of a perusal of national and international case law.

This course explores the concept of security in International Relations, delving into ongoing and emerging ontological, epistemological and methodological debates, and by engaging with a wide literature including recent critical security studies transcending the traditional state-centric approach.

The course is aimed at familiarizing students with the concepts of risk, uncertainty and security in micro and macro economics and their present and historical role in economic reasoning. The course covers the basics of decision making under risk and uncertainty, its normative and positive aspects and its role in modern economic institutions. Through discussion of notable examples the students will see the application of these concepts to practical issuesBy the end of the course students should:-Understand the problem of decision theory under under risk and uncertainty-Be able to apply the notion of expected payoff and expected utility to practical example-Understand the problem of decision with strategic interactions-Understand how uncertainty is a fundamental variable in economics and politics-How institutions seek to reduce uncertainty-The role of uncertainty in financial crises.

The course introduces students to key concepts of transnational and global governance and the main dynamics shaping new forms of governance and security in the international context. The course presents more in-depth context-specific information and knowledge on the actual development of transnational governance in specific policy areas. Some policy fields will be analysed to assess transnational and global governance in action. Students will develop a critical understanding of the complex interaction between different levels of government and the interplay of governmental and non-governmental organisations.At the end of the course students are expected to: ¿Have full knowledge of the main concepts and terms; ¿be familiar with the main drivers and institutional traits of transnational and global governance, and with the relevant theoretical and policy debates; ¿have developed a critical understanding of the different positions in the literature.

The course intends to provide a systematic introduction to the basics of statistical thinking, language, and techniques with examples of real-world applications of statistics. Topics discussed include displaying, describing and summarizing data, basic probability including random variables and probability distributions, confidence intervals and hypothesis tests, linear regression. At the end of the course students will be able to: a. develop a critical understanding of the use of statistics in contemporary social science, b. think of ways to extract the most information using the most common basic statistical methods. c. critically evaluate research from a statistical perspective.

The course aims at developing a critical understanding of contending ethical approaches about security issues that arise from human conduct and from political and military contexts, at both national and supranational level. A specific focus will be devoted to a critical analysis of the conceptual vocabulary used in the most relevant official documents related to specific security issues, also by promoting an interdisciplinary approach to the topics, expounded through the lens of public ethics, political philosophy and European studies.

The course provides guidance on the analysis of the legal dimension of food security in a global perspective. It describes food security as a complex, global and systemic challenge and addresses the current food security policies at the international and regional level. It then focuses on the understanding of the evolution of the current food policy towards the need to fully consider the various aspects of global food chains (production, consumption, and distribution of food throughout complex systems) giving special attention to agriculture and food trade as an important game-changer. By the end of this course students will be able to: - define food security as a broad concept and interpret the most used food security conceptual frameworks; - understand the complexity of food security; - appreciate the links between food security and food safety; - be aware of the landscape in which international policies for the food and agriculture sector operate; - handle the main legal aspects of the global food system and their impact on food security worldwide; - identify options for how policies and international trade rules can respond to new challenges such as large-scale use of agricultural commodities as feedstock for biofuel production and the impacts of climate change and government response. The course is aimed at familiarizing students with the way in which international law regulates the conduct of hostilities, and at developing their understanding of how international rules and standards can contribute to fostering security in armed conflict scenarios. The relevant legal framework will be explored to provide an insight in the behavior of States, non-State actors and individuals involved in armed struggle, and engage students in a debate on the appropriateness of existing standards developed to mitigate the use of violence and uphold fundamental rights in situations of armed confrontation.

This course looks at the security concerns related to the production, trade and distribution of energy as well as to the allocation of energy-related natural resources at the international level. The first part of the course will provide for an overview of the main theoretical problems emerged in the present debate on energy security, from a multidisciplinary perspective that covers economic, legal, and political issues. The second part will investigate a number of specific topics selected on the basis of their relevance and exemplary nature in an interdisciplinary perspective. By the end of the course students will be able to: - Strengthen and deepen their knowledge of the phenomena related to the allocation of energy resources and the production, the trading, and the distribution of energy, focusing in particular on legal and economic aspects; - Understand the role of the main institutional actors involved in the global energy system; - Describe in a clear and comprehensive manner the main security issues related to the production, the trading, and the distribution of energy; - Develop their skills in analyzing energy security issues in relation to the functioning of the international market of energy, the trade-offs between different typologies of energy production methods, and the impacts of negative externalities; - Apply theoretical knowledge to the analysis of practical cases related to energy security at the global level, so as to critically assess them and develop practical solutions.

This course looks at the security concerns created by the globalisation and liberalisation of markets and the potential tensions between these phenomona and the ability of national states and international organisations to regulate such markets. These issues will be analysed both from a legal and economic perspective. By the end of the course students will be able to: • strengthen and deepen their knowledge of the phenomena related to the globalization and liberalization of markets, focusing in particular on legal and economic aspects; • strengthen their skills in analysing security issues in relation to national and international systems and the position of consumers and producers in the globalisation and liberalisation of markets; • develop the skills required for understanding and practical problem-solving of the interaction between markets and security, both at the local and global level; • apply theoretical knowledge to the analysis of practical cases related to security in global markets, so as to be able to develop critical evaluations and devise practical solutions; • develop communication skills in order to be able to describe in a clear and comprehensive way the main characterstics of security issues related to the globalisation of markets, their critical aspects and practical implications.

Course objectives: 1) To introduce the reader expectation approach to writing through five interactive online modules. More specifically, students will be introduced to the concepts of action, agency, separations, theme and stress position; 2) To develop an awareness of how these concepts contribute to effective writing and to develop an ability to recognise effective use (or not) of this approach in written texts, academic and non-academic; 3) To develop students' ability to use the reader expectation approach to writing to produce clear, effective prose in English. Learning outcomes: On completion of all components of the course, students will be able to apply to their own written production the notions, concepts and skills acquired, with a particular focus on clarity, coherence and thematic/logical progression. More specifically students will : 1) have achieved an understanding of textual cohesion through collaborative writing tasks; 2) have achieved an understanding of how arguments are constructed, developed and supported through evidence; 3) have achieved an understanding of how information can be organised to best effect in a text; 4) have developed an ability to write concise prose; 5) be able to present, develop/argue a position, and draw meaningful conclusions, in written English, through persuasive lines of reasoning; 6) be able to edit their own written production by employing techniques to ensure the intended message is effectively communicated to the reader, limiting instances of potential misunderstanding.

Il corso intende mettere a fuoco la relazione tra i concetti di sicurezza, politica, democrazia e diritti umani. Nella prima parte verrà condotta un'analisi delle interconnessioni tra incertezza, paura, sicurezza e politica sia a livello nazionale che internazionale. Saranno analizzati e discussi tasti di autori come Machiavelli, Hobbes, Schmitt, Aron, Foucault. Nella seconda parte del corso ci si concentrerà sulla relazione tra sicurezza e democrazia, diritti umani e rule of law sia a livello teorico che attraverso l'analisi di casi specifici (terrorismo, tortura, pena di morte, ecc). Su questi casi concreti gli studenti dovranno tenere presentazioni orali e guidare la discussione.

Il modulo si prefigge il compito di fare acquisire agli studenti la strumentazione teorica e metodologica necessaria per comprendere i fenomeni della guerra e della pace. Alla fine del corso lo studente deve conoscere i principali concetti e approcci associati agli studi sulla pace e i conflitti e sapere usare le principali tecniche di analisi. Deve essere capace di applicare gli strumenti teorici a casi empirici, e essere in grado di generalizzare le conclusioni raggiunte studiando singoli casi-studio.

Il corso ha l'obiettivo di fornire agli studenti una panoramica generale sui diritti dei lavoratori di fronte ai processi di globalizzazione economica. Al termine, gli studenti medesimi conosceranno il contenuto dei suddetti diritti e saranno in grado di comprendere per quali ragioni, di fronte alle sfide della globalizzazione economica, l'Organizzazione Internazionale del Lavoro (OIL) abbia deciso di puntare su taluni di essi, ritenendoli fondamentali, anziché su altri. Infine, saranno consapevoli dei problemi di implementazione che caratterizzano i diritti fondamentali dei lavoratori nel contesto internazionale globalizzato.

Nella prima parte del corso verrà analizzato il rapporto tra la competenza degli Stati membri dell'Unione europea in materia di sicurezza nazionale e la politica di sicurezza dell'Unione europea. Nel corso delle lezioni verranno esaminate le misure restrittive, adottate nei confronti di Stati e di persone fisiche o giuridiche, impiegate dall’Unione europea per conseguire gli obiettivi della Politica estera e di sicurezza comune (PESC). In particolar modo verranno approfondite le misure restrittive applicate nei confronti dell’Iran, della Siria, della Libia e della Russia e per far fronte alla situazione in Ucraina Inoltre, verranno esaminate le misure adottate nel campo della lotta al terrorismo internazionale nei confronti di individui, gruppi, società e altre entità associate ad Al-Qaida. Verranno inoltre analizzate le misure di espulsione e di respingimento dal territorio nazionale per motivi di sicurezza nazionale nel contesto del diritto dell'Unione europea. Più specificamente, gli obiettivi di apprendimento del corso sono i seguenti: 1) comprendere il fondamento giuridico e la natura della politica di sicurezza dell'Unione europea e la competenza degli Stati membri in materia di sicurezza nazionale; 2) comprendere la base giuridica e la natura del potere sanzionatorio delle istituzioni e organi dell'Unione europea nel campo della "Politica estera e di sicurezza comune" e in particolare nella lotta contro il terrorismo internazionale. 3) comprendere le criticità del rapporto tra tutela della sicurezza nazionale ed europea e la tutela dei diritti fondamentali dell'uomo.

The course aims to provide students with the historical and theoretical knowledge which can help them evaluate the threat and the use of force in international politics. The course focuses on weapons of mass destruction (WMD), i.e. chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear weapons. Its objective is to familiarize students with the history, technology, politics, strategies, and theories related to WMDs and their proliferation, as well as with the instruments and policies aimed at combatting their spread and promoting their eventual elimination. By the end of the course students should have acquired: - an in-depth understanding of the relationship between society and military power, the different ways force has been used in various international systems, the main strategies involving the threat and the use of force; - an in-depth understanding of the main concepts and issues related to the presence and spread of WMDs; - an ability to think analytically and critically about the causes and consequences of WMD proliferation; - capabilities to evaluate policies and instruments to counter WMD proliferation and promote disarmament; - a capacity to conduct independent analyses of issues related to the use of force in international affairs and especially to WMD non-proliferation and disarmament matters. Acquired competences will enable students to deal with security, and politico-military issues at a level sufficient for qualifying for postgraduate security studies as well as for professional work in non-proliferation and disarmament organizations as well as in the international security community.

Development studies tend to offer or look for recipes that are ready-to-use. This course shows how this approach leads to failure. It also means to overcome the special amnesia of economists and social scientists that tend to apply models irrespective to the specific features of the place they interact with; the aim is to capture the importance of cultural and anthropological factors in determining the success of policies. The goal of the course is to offer instruments and skills to understand the complex relations between development and security. It will tackle especially the case of Africa. How did development help overcoming security challenges in Africa? The answer to this question will be illustrated through case studies from the twentieth century. Specific training objectives are: 1) Students will acquire a basic knowledge of the main events and turning points in the history of Development in Africa and its nexus with a broad definition of security; 2) Students will acquire the necessary skills to interpret and use documents and primary sources in their historical context; 3) Students will acquire the skills to deal with current debates on the nexus between development and security, with a special focus on the African context; 4) Students will be able to articulate a persuasive and well-structured arguments in a position paper on complex emergency situations with a sound historical basis.

The course aims at providing students with specific knowledge concerning the phenomenon of global migration from the legal and economic point of view. At the end of the course, the students will know, in interdisciplinary terms, the complexity of this phenomenon, the ethical and social consequences of the decisions taken with regard to its regulation and the difficulties of its governance.